Queers are mentally ill nut jobs.
Sexually transmitted gastrointestinal syndromes include proctitis,
proctocolitis, and enteritis. Evaluation for these syndromes should
include recommended diagnostic procedures, including anoscopy or
sigmoidoscopy, stool examination for WBCs, and microbiologic workup (e.g.,
gonorrhea, chlamydia [LGV PCR if available], herpes simplex NAAT, and
syphilis serology). For those with enteritis, stool culture or LGV PCR
also is recommended.
Proctitis is inflammation of the rectum (i.e., the distal 1012 cm) that
can be associated with anorectal pain, tenesmus, or rectal discharge.
Fecal leukocytes are common. Proctitis occurs predominantly among persons
who have receptive anal exposures (oral-anal, digital-anal, or genital-
anal). N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis (including LGV serovars), HSV, and
T. pallidum are the most common STI pathogens. Genital HSV and LGV
proctitis are more prevalent among persons with HIV infection
(545,556,1382). M. genitalium has been detected in certain cases of
proctitis and might be more common among persons with HIV infection
(937,1382). N. meningitidis has been identified as an etiology of
proctitis among MSM with HIV infection (1383).
Proctocolitis is associated with symptoms of proctitis, diarrhea or
abdominal cramps, and inflammation of the colonic mucosa extending to 12
cm above the anus. Fecal leukocytes might be detected on stool
examination, depending on the pathogen. Proctocolitis can be acquired
through receptive anal intercourse or by oral-anal contact, depending on
the pathogen.
Pathogenic organisms include Campylobacter species, Shigella species, E.
histolytica, LGV serovars of C. trachomatis, and T. pallidum. Among
immunosuppressed persons with HIV infection, CMV or other opportunistic
agents should be considered. The clinical presentation can be mistaken for
inflammatory bowel disease or malignancy, resulting in a delayed diagnosis
(1384,1385).
Enteritis usually results in diarrhea and abdominal cramping without signs
of proctitis or proctocolitis. Fecal leukocytes might be detected on stool
examination, depending on the pathogen. When outbreaks of gastrointestinal
illness occur among social or sexual networks of MSM, clinicians should
consider sexual transmission as a mode of spread and provide counseling
accordingly. Sexual practices that can facilitate transmission of enteric
pathogens include oral-anal contact or, in certain instances, direct
genital-anal contact. G. lamblia is the most frequently implicated
parasite, and bacterial pathogens include Shigella species, Salmonella, E.
coli, Campylobacter species, and Cryptosporidium. Outbreaks of Shigella
species, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, and microsporidiosis have been
reported among MSM (259,274,1386,1387). Multiple enteric pathogens and
concurrent STIs have also been reported. Among immunosuppressed persons
with HIV infection, CMV or other opportunistic pathogens should be
considered.
Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations for Acute Proctitis
Diagnosis
Persons with symptoms of acute proctitis should be examined by anoscopy. A
Gram-stained smear of any anorectal exudate from anoscopic or anal
examination should be examined for polymorphonuclear leukocytes. All
persons should be evaluated for herpes simplex (preferably by NAAT of
rectal lesions), N. gonorrhoeae (NAAT or culture), C. trachomatis (NAAT),
and T. pallidum (darkfield of lesion if available and serologic testing).
If the C. trachomatis NAAT test is positive on a rectal swab and severe
symptoms associated with LGV are present (including rectal ulcers, anal
discharge, bleeding, =10 WBCs on Gram stain, and tenesmus), patients
should be treated empirically for LGV. Molecular testing for LGV is not
widely available or not FDA cleared, and results are not typically
available in time for clinical decision-making. However, if available,
molecular PCR testing for C. trachomatis serovars L1, L2, or L3 can be
considered for confirming LGV (553).
The pathogenic role of M. genitalium in proctitis is unclear. For persons
with persistent symptoms after standard treatment, providers should
consider testing for M. genitalium with NAAT and treat if positive (see
Mycoplasma genitalium).
Treatment
Acute proctitis among persons who have anal exposure through oral,
genital, or digital contact is usually sexually acquired (1382,1388).
Presumptive therapy should be initiated while awaiting results of
laboratory tests for persons with anorectal exudate detected on
examination or polymorphonuclear leukocytes detected on a Gram-stained
smear of anorectal exudate or secretions. Such therapy also should be
initiated when anoscopy or Gram stain is not available and the clinical
presentation is consistent with acute proctitis for persons reporting
receptive anal exposures.
Recommended Regimen for Acute Proctitis
Ceftriaxone 500 mg* IM in a single dose
PLUS
Doxycycline 100 mg orally 2 times/day for 7 days
* For persons weighing =150 kg, 1 g of ceftriaxone should be administered.
Doxycycline course should be extended to 100 mg orally 2 times/day for
21 days in the presence of bloody discharge, perianal or mucosal ulcers,
or tenesmus and a positive rectal chlamydia test.
Bloody discharge, perianal ulcers, or mucosal ulcers among persons with
acute proctitis and rectal chlamydia (NAAT) should receive presumptive
treatment for LGV with an extended course of doxycycline 100 mg orally 2
times/day for 3 weeks (1389,1390) (see Lymphogranuloma Venereum). If
painful perianal ulcers are present or mucosal ulcers are detected on
anoscopy, presumptive therapy should also include a regimen for genital
herpes (see Genital Herpes).
Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations for Proctocolitis or Enteritis
Treatment for proctocolitis or enteritis should be directed to the
specific enteric pathogen identified. Multiple stool examinations might be
necessary for detecting Giardia, and special stool preparations are
required for diagnosing cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis. Diagnostic
and treatment recommendations for all enteric infections are beyond the
scope of these guidelines. Providers should be aware of the potential for
antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, particularly during outbreaks of
Shigella and Campylobacter among sexual networks of MSM where increased
resistance to azithromycin, fluoroquinolones, and isolates resistant to
multiple antibiotics have been described (266,272,273,1391,1392).
Other Management Considerations
To minimize transmission and reinfection, patients treated for acute
proctitis should be instructed to abstain from sexual intercourse until
they and their partners have been treated (i.e., until completion of a 7-
day regimen and symptoms have resolved). Studies have reported that
behaviors that facilitate enteric pathogen transmission might be
associated with acquisition of other STIs, including HIV infection. All
persons with acute proctitis and concern for sexually transmitted
proctocolitis or enteritis should be tested for HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea,
and chlamydia (at other exposed sites). PEP should be considered for
exposures that present a risk for HIV acquisition. For ongoing risk for
HIV acquisition, PrEP should be considered.
Evidence-based interventions for preventing acquisition of sexually
transmitted enteric pathogens are not available. However, extrapolating
from general infection control practices for communicable diseases and
established STI prevention practices, recommendations include avoiding
contact with feces during sex, using barriers, and washing hands after
handing materials that have been in contact with the anal area (i.e.,
barriers and sex toys) and after touching the anus or rectal area.
Follow-Up
Follow-up should be based on specific etiology and severity of clinical
symptoms. For proctitis associated with gonorrhea or chlamydia, retesting
for the respective pathogen should be performed 3 months after treatment.
Management of Sex Partners
Partners who have had sexual contact with persons treated for gonorrhea or
chlamydia <60 days before the onset of the persons symptoms should be
evaluated, tested, and presumptively treated for the respective infection.
Partners of persons with proctitis should be evaluated for any diseases
diagnosed in the index partner. Sex partners should abstain from sexual
contact until they and their partners are treated. No specific
recommendations are available for screening or treating sex partners of
persons with diagnosed sexually transmitted enteric pathogens; however,
partners should seek care if symptomatic.
Special Considerations
Drug Allergy, Intolerance, and Adverse Reactions
Allergic reactions with third-generation cephalosporins (e.g.,
ceftriaxone) are uncommon among persons with a history of penicillin
allergy (620,631,658,896).
HIV Infection
Persons with HIV infection and acute proctitis might present with bloody
discharge, painful perianal ulcers, or mucosal ulcers and LGV and herpes
proctitis are more prevalent among this population. Presumptive treatment
in such cases should include a regimen for genital herpes and LGV.'
https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/proctitis.htm